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B
Less formation of mucus
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C
Failure of protective mechanisms
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D
All of the above
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Solution
The correct option is D All of the above Peptic ulcers are sore areas of gastrodermal mucosa caused by the corrosive action of hyperacidity or bacterial infection (Helicobacter pylori). Reduced formation of mucus can also cause an ulcer. Peptic ulcers occur along curvature of the antral end of the stomach (gastric ulcers), the proximal region of the duodenum (duodenal ulcer) and the lower end of the oesophagus (oesophagal ulcers).