1
Question
Production of human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because
Production of human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because
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Solution
The correct option is C Genetic code is universal
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering is a technique in which genetic material such as DNA or RNA is modified and this modified genetic material is introduced into the host followed by changing the phenotype of the host.
Replication
Human chromosomes cannot replicate in a bacterial cell. This is because of the different sequence of origin of replication in humans and bacteria. Secondly, due to differences in the enzymes involved in replication machinery, replication of a human chromosome inside a bacterial cell is a bit absurd.
However, it is possible to replicate a segment of human DNA in a bacterial cell after incorporating it into a plasmid vector. Nonetheless, for the expression of proteins, replication machinery does not play an important role.
Gene regulation
Gene regulation refers to the mechanism to control gene expression. Gene regulation is not entirely identical in bacteria and humans.
In humans, transcription occurs in the nucleus while translation occurs in the cytoplasm while in bacteria transcription and translation occurs in the nucleoid.
Gene regulation in humans is tightly controlled than in bacterial cells.
RNA splicing
Bacterial genome do not have introns. Thus, it lacks splicing machinery which removes introns.
Therefore, bacterial cells cannot splice RNA.
Genetic code
Information of the protein to be synthesised is provided by the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA. Genetic code is the triplet of nucleotides which codes for a specific amino acid.
Genetic code is universal which suggests that the same genetic code is followed in all living organisms except a few codons in mitochondria.
Thus, during the process of translation, the same amino acids will be incorporated for synthesising human proteins from human genes in a human cell as well as in case of bacteria. Therefore, it is possible to produce human protein in bacteria.
Final answer:
(d) Genetic code is universal
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering is a technique in which genetic material such as DNA or RNA is modified and this modified genetic material is introduced into the host followed by changing the phenotype of the host.
Replication
Human chromosomes cannot replicate in a bacterial cell. This is because of the different sequence of origin of replication in humans and bacteria. Secondly, due to differences in the enzymes involved in replication machinery, replication of a human chromosome inside a bacterial cell is a bit absurd.
However, it is possible to replicate a segment of human DNA in a bacterial cell after incorporating it into a plasmid vector. Nonetheless, for the expression of proteins, replication machinery does not play an important role.
Gene regulation
Gene regulation refers to the mechanism to control gene expression. Gene regulation is not entirely identical in bacteria and humans.
In humans, transcription occurs in the nucleus while translation occurs in the cytoplasm while in bacteria transcription and translation occurs in the nucleoid.
Gene regulation in humans is tightly controlled than in bacterial cells.
RNA splicing
Bacterial genome do not have introns. Thus, it lacks splicing machinery which removes introns.
Therefore, bacterial cells cannot splice RNA.
Genetic code
Information of the protein to be synthesised is provided by the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA. Genetic code is the triplet of nucleotides which codes for a specific amino acid.
Genetic code is universal which suggests that the same genetic code is followed in all living organisms except a few codons in mitochondria.
Thus, during the process of translation, the same amino acids will be incorporated for synthesising human proteins from human genes in a human cell as well as in case of bacteria. Therefore, it is possible to produce human protein in bacteria.
Final answer:
(d) Genetic code is universal
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