Question

Q. What are the factors which affect the salinity of the ocean?

Choose the correct code

• A. 1, 2 and 3 only
• B. 2, 3 and 4 only
• C. 1, 2 and 4 only
• D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer 1

The correct option is A 1, 2 and 3 only

Explanation:

Horizontal distribution:

1. Open Sea/ Marginal Sea: The salinity for a normal open ocean ranges between 33 parts per thousand (ppt) and 37 ppt. In the landlocked Red Sea, it is as high as 41ppt while in the estuaries and the Arctic, the salinity fluctuates from 0 - 35 ppt seasonally. This is due to the influx of freshwater.
2. Latitudinal extent: In hot and dry regions, where evaporation is high, the salinity sometimes reaches 70 ppt. The North Sea being in higher latitudes records higher salinity due to more saline water brought by the North Atlantic Drift (ocean current).
3. Influx and Precipitation: the fresh flow of river water reduces salinity. Baltic Sea and Black sea record low salinity due to the influx of river waters in large quantities. Evaporation of water increases salinity and precipitation decreases salinity. The Mediterranean Sea has a higher salinity due to evaporation.
4. There is no influence of Longitudinal extent on salinity.