Q. Which of the following leads to disqualification of members of Parliament and the state legislatures on the grounds of defection?
1. An independent member of a house joins any political party within six months of taking his seat in the House.
2. A nominated member of a house joins any political party after six months of taking his seat in the House.
3. The presiding officer of the house voluntarily gives up the membership of his party.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?