Q. With reference to the ancient Indian architecture, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: India’s first urbanization took place in the Indus valley civilization that belonged to the bronze age. Second urbanization took place in the Mahajanapada era, which was the result of the development of the usage of iron tools.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Indus Valley civilization had fully planned city centers. The Indus valley society was a complex society with clear class differentiation, we can see this in the division of cities in the upper town and lower town. Hence we cannot call it an egalitarian society.
Statement 3 is correct: After the decline of IVC, India faced a long duration of Early Aryan civilization which was rural in nature.
Statement 4 is correct: The archaeological evidence for Harappan– Mesopotamian trade consists mainly of a few Harappan or Harappan-related seals and carnelian beads at Mesopotamian sites such as Kish, Lagash, Nippur, and Ur. Mesopotamian texts mention imports from Meluhha: lapis lazuli, carnelian, gold, silver, copper, ebony, ivory, tortoiseshell, a chicken-like bird, dog, cat, and monkey.