Q. (a) Tobacco plants are damaged severely when infested with Meloidogyne incognita. Name and explain the strategy that is adopted to stop this infestation.
(b) Name the vector used for introducing the nematode specific gene in the tobacco plant.

Q. List the salient features of double helix structure of DNA.

Q. (a) A recombinant vector with a gene of interest inserted within the gene of $\alpha$-galactosidase enzyme, is introduced into a bacterium. Explain the method that would help in selection of recombinant colonies from non-recombinant ones.
(b) Why is this method of selection referred to as "insertional inactivation"?

Q. Where is acrosome present in humans? Write its function.

Q. Why is it desirable to use unleaded petrol in vehicles fitted with catalytic converters?

Q. (a) Draw a neat labelled diagram of a nucleosome.
(b) Mention what enables histones to acquire a positive charge.

Q. Name the plant source of ganja. How does it affect the body of the abuser?

Q. Explain the function of each of the following.
(a) Coleorhiza (b) Umbilical cord (c) Germ pores

Q. Why is banana considered a good example of parthenocarpy?

Q. How does industrial melanism support Darwin's theory of natural selection? Explain.

Q. (a) Mention the cause and the body system affected by ADA deficiency in humans.
(b) Name the vector used for transferring ADA-DNA into the recipient cells in humans. Name the recipient cells.

Q. Write the name of the following.
(a) The most common species of bees suitable for apiculture
(b) An improved breed of chicken

Q. Name the bacterium that causes typhoid. Mention two diagnostic symptoms. How is this disease transmitted to others?

Q. How did Ahmed Khan, plastic sacks manufacturer from Bangalore, solve the ever-increasing problem of accumulating plastic waste?

Q. Comment on the similarity between the wing of a cockroach and the wing of a bird. What do you infer from the above, with reference to evolution?

Q. State one advantage and one disadvantage of cleistogamy.

Q. (a) Taking one example each of habitat loss and fragmentation, explain how are the two responsible for biodiversity loss.
(b) Explain two different ways of biodiversity conservation.

Q. (a) Where do the signals for parturition originate from in humans?
(b) Why is it important to feed the newborn babies on colostrum?

Q. Alien species are highly invasive and are a threat to indigenous species. Substantiate this statement with any three examples.

Q. Explain brood parasitism with the help of an example.

Q. (a) Explain the phenomena of multiple allelism and co-dominance taking ABO blood group as an example.
(b) What is the phenotype of the following:
(i) $I^{A}i$ (ii) $ii$

Q. The following is the illustration of the sequence of ovarian events "$a$" to "$i$" in a human female:
(a) Identify the figure that illustrates corpus luteum and name the pituitary hormone that influences its formation.
(b) Specify the endocrine function of corpus luteum. How does it influence the uterus? Why is it essential?
(c) What is the difference between "$d$" and "$e$"?
(d) Draw a neat labelled sketch of Graafian follicle.

Q. Mention the role of cyanobacteria as a biofertiliser.

Q. How is the amplification of a gene sample of interest carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

Q. Trace the life-cycle of malarial parasite in the human body when bitten by an infected female Anopheles.

Q. One mark Questions:
How do the pollen grains of Vallisneria protect themselves?

Q. Describe Frederick Griffith's experiment on Streptococcus pneumoniae. Discuss the conclusion he arrived at.

Q. A garden pea plant produced axial white flowers. Another of the same species produced terminal violet flowers. Identify the dominant traits.

Q. State two different roles of spleen in the human body.

Q. Give reasons for the following:
(a) The human testes are located outside the abdominal cavity.
(b) Some organisms like honeybees are called parthenogenetic animals.