Q. Mention four significant services that a healthy forest ecosystem provide.

Q. It is said apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction. Justify.

Q. List any four ways by which GMOs have been useful for enhanced crop output.

Q. Substantiate with the help of one example that in an ecosystem mutualists
(i) tend to co-evolve and
(ii) are also one of the major causes of biodiversity loss.

Q. How is a continuous culture system maintained in bioreactors and why?

Q. Write the steps in sequence as carried in multiple ovulation embryo transfer technology.

Q. What is the origin of replication in chromosome? State its function.

Q. At what stage does the meiosis occur in an organism exhibiting haploidic life cycle and mention the fate of the products thus produced.

Q. Write the number of chromosomes body cells of honey bee workers and drone have.

Q. What are 'flocs', formed during secondary of sewage?

Q. Write any two places where methanogens can be found.

Q. Name the layer of the atmosphere that is associated with 'good ozone.'

Q. Mention the term used to describe a population intersection between an orchid growing on a forest tree.

Q. British geneticist R.C. Punnet developed a graphical representation of a genetic cross called 'Punnett Square''. Mention the possible result this representation predicts of the genetic cross carried.

Q.

Two girls, A and B, aged 4 and 5 years respectively visited a hospital with a similar genetic disorder. Girl A was provided enzyme-replacement therapy and was advised to visit periodically for further treatment. The girl B, was, however, given a therapy that did not require revisit for further treatment.

(a) Name the ailments the two girls were suffering from?

(b) Why did the treatment provided to girl A required revisits?

Q. Draw a labelled diagram to show interrelationship of accessory ducts in a human male reproductive system.

Q. Compare in any three ways the chromosomal theory of inheritance as proposed by Sutton and Bovery with that of experimental results on pea plant presented by Mendel.

Q. Explain linkage and recobination as put forth by T.H. Morgan based on his observations with Drosophila melanogaster crossing experiment.

Q. Write the basis on which Alfred Sturtevant explained gene mapping.

Q. Describe the formation of recombinant DNA by the action of EcoRI.

Q. Describe the process of amplification of ''gene of interest '' using PCR technique.

Q. Match the microbes listed under Column-A with the products mentioned under Column-B.

	Column-A		Column-B
(H)	Penicillium notatum	(i)	Statin
(I)	Trichhoderma potyporum	(ii)	Ethanol
(J)	Monascus purpurea	(iii)	Antibiotic
(K)	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	(iv)	Cyclosporin-A

Q. Why does 'Swiss Cheese' develop large holes?

Q. Explain any two most important levels of biological organisation showing biodiversity with the help of an example each.

Q. Differentiate between spermatogenesis and oogenesis on the basis of
(i) Time of initiation of the process
(ii) Site of completion of the process
(iii) Nature of meiotic division undergone by gamete mother cells

Q. Compare the pioneer species and climax communities of hydrarch and xerarch succession respectively.

Q. List the factors upon which the type of invading pioneer species depends in secondary hydrarch. Why is the rate of this succession faster than that of primary succession?

Q. Differentiate between incomplete dominance and co-dominance. substantiate your answer with one example of each.

Q. Write the contribution of the following scientists in deciphering the genetic code.
Georce Gamow; Hargobind Khorana; Marshall Nirenberg; Severo Ochoa

Q. Stae the importance of a Genetic code in protein biosynthesis.