Q. Write two differences between ideal solutions and non-ideal solutions.

Q. $30g$ of urea $(M=60gmo{l}^{-1})$ is dissolved in $846g$ of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at $298K$ is $23.8mmHg$.

Q. Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their acid strength:
p-cresol, p-nitrophenol, phenol

Q. Define the following terms:
(i) Molality (m)
(ii) Abnormal molar mass

Q. How many electrons flow through a metallic wire if a current of $0.5A$ is passed for $2$ hours? (Given : $1F=96,500Cmo{l}^{-1})$

Q. Following are the transition metal ions of $3d$ series:
$T{i}^{4+},V^{2+},M{n}^{3+},C{r}^{3+}$
(Atomic numbers: $Ti=22,V=23,Mn=25,Cr=24)$

Q. $C{H}_3-CH=CH-CN\underset{\left(b\right)H_{2}O}{\stackrel{\left(a\right)DIBAL-H}{\to }}$?

Q. Write one difference in each of the following:
(a) Multimolecular colloid and Associated colloid
(b) Coagulation and Peptization
(c) Homogeneous catalysis and Heterogeneous catalysis

Q. Write the name of the cell which is generally used in transistors. Write the reactions taking place at the anode and the cathode of this cell.

Q. Write one similarity between physisorption and chemisorption.

Q. Calculate the number of unit cells in $8.1g$ of aluminium if it crystallizes in a face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) structure? (Atomic mass of $Al=27gmo{l}^{-1})$

Q. How will you convert the following in not more than two steps:
(i) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(ii) Acetophenone to Benzoic acid
(iii) Ethanoic acid to $2$- Hydroxyethanoic acid

Q. Write the formula of the compound of iodine which is obtained when $conc.HN{O}_3$ oxidises $I_2$.

Q. What type of colloid is formed when a gas is dispersed in a liquid? Give an example.

Q. Write the IUPAC name of the following compound.

Q. Using IUPAC norms write the formulae for the following:

Q. Out of (ref. image), which is an example of a benzylic halide?

Q. Based on the nature of intermolecular forces, classify the following solids:
Sodium sulphate, Hydrogen

Q. Draw the structures of the following:
(a) $Xe{F}_4$
(b) $Br{F}_5$

Q. Write the chemical method by which $Fe(OH{)}_3$ sol is prepared from $FeC{l}_3$.

Q. Write the mechanism (using curved arrow notation) of the following reaction:

Q. (a) What type of isomerism is shown by the complex $\left[Co\right(N{H}_3{)}_5\left(SCN\right){]}^{2+}$?
(b) Why is $[NiC{l}_4{]}^{2+}$ paramagnetic while $\left[Ni\right(CN{)}_4{]}^{2-}$ is diamagnetic?
(Atomic number of $Ni=28$)
(c) Why are low spin tetrahedral complexes rarely observed?

Q. Write the structures of the products when Butan$-2-$ol reacts with the following:
(a) $Cr{O}_3$
(b) $SOC{l}_2$

Q.

Q. What is the effect of adding a catalyst on
(a) Activation energy $\left(E_a\right)$, and
(b) Gibbs energy $\left(△G\right)$ of a reaction?

Q. Write one similarity and one difference between the chemistry of lanthanoid and actinoid elements

Q. Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Butanal and Butan$-2-$one
(ii) Benzoic acid and Phenol

Q. Write the dispersed phase and dispersion medium of milk.

Q. Write the reactions involved in the following:
(i) Etard reaction
(ii) Stephen reduction

Q. Account for the following:
(i) Transition metals show variable oxidation states.
(ii) $Zn,Cd$ and $Hg$ are soft metals.
(iii) $E^{\circ }$ value of the $M{n}^{3+}/M{n}^{2+}$ couple is highly positive $(+1.57V)$ as compared to $C{r}^{3+}/C{r}^{2+}$