Q. Explain the convergent and divergent evolution with suitable examples.

Q. Mention the most significant function of each of the following.
(i) Tapetum cells
(ii) Serotonin
(iii) Lenticels
(iv) Cerebrospinal fluid
(v) Islets of Langerhans
(vi) Bundle sheath

Q. Write three differences between $C_3$ and $C_4$ cycles.

Q. Explain the movement of water cell to cell across the root from the soil to the xylem.

Q. Give one difference between each of the following.
(i) Ventricular systole and ventricular diastole
(ii) Sertoli and spermatids
(iii) Dwarfism and cretinism
(iv) Antibodies and interferons
(v) Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Q. How does the human body protect itself from infections?

Q. Write short notes on the following.
(i) Biomedical engineering
(ii) Stem cells
(iii) Cryopreservation

Q. Name the causative agent and the main symptom of each of the following diseases.
(i) Filariasis
(ii) Rabies
(iii) Chicken pox

Q. Give a scientific term for each of the following.
(i) A single isolated contraction of muscle fibre.
(ii) Inhibition of the growth of the lateral bud by terminal bud.
(iii) Specialised structure through which guttation occurs.
(iv) Development of embryo from the egg without the process of fertilization.
(v) Process of splitting of water molecules during photosynthesis.
(vi) Passing out of urine.

Q. What is mental illness? Explain any three methods of treatment of mental illness.

Q. Explain the process of oogenesis in humans.

Q. Mention the chromosomal abnormalities concerned with the following conditions in humans.
(i) Turner's syndrome
(ii) Klinefelter's Syndrome
(iii) Down's Syndrome

Q. Give reasons for the following.
(i) The nerve impulse travels in one direction.
(ii) Jamming of wooden doors and windows takes place during rainy season.
(iii) A cut plant wilts fast even if its cut end is dipped in water.
(iv) Urine excreted during summer months is hypertonic.
(v) A person had difficulty in focusing on nearer objects, as the age increases.

Q. State the most significant contribution of the following scientists.
(i) Hans Berger
(ii) Dixon and Jolly
(iii) J. B. Lamarck
(iv) William Harvey

Q. Mention two advantages of the following.
(i) Hydroponics
(ii) Turgidity to plants
(iii) Cross-pollination

Q. Explain the phases of growth in meristem of plants.

Q. Expand the following.
(i) OP
(ii) RuBP
(iii) IBA
(iv) PEP

Q. What is manure? How does green manure differ from biofertilizers?

Q. State three differences between red muscle fibre and white muscle fibre.

Q. Mention a cause and symptom of each of the following.
(i) Emphysema
(ii) Renal calculi
(iii) Diarrhoea

Q. Give any four anatomical differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous leaf.

Q. What is IPM? Give an example of bioinsecticides and bioherbicides and how do they help in pest control.

Q. Give an account of activity of cambium in the secondary growth of the stem.

Q. Write three differences between short day and long day plants.

Q. Give an account of Darwin's finches.

Q. Describe the structure of an artery and a vein. Explain how their structure helps in their functioning.

Q. Write short notes on:
(i) Atavism
(ii) Protoplast fusion
(iii) Rh factor

Q. Name the 2${}^{nd}$, 3${}^{rd}$ and 8${}^{th}$ cranial nerves in man and write a function of each.