Q. Describe the different types of vascular bundles.

Q. An antiviral protein released from infected and dying cells is

1. Interferon.
2. Antiserum.
3. Antibody.
4. Antigen.

Q. Define the following:
(i) Plancentation
(ii) Parthenocarpy
(iii) Diffusion

Q. State any three goals of the human genome project.

Q. Explain the role of stem cells in medical treatment.

Q. Name and define the three types of natural selection.

Q. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Testes descend into the scrotum before birth.
(ii) Secondary growth does not occur in monocot stems.
(iii) Nitrogenous fertilizers are not applied in fields where leguminous crops grow.
(iv) Genetic code is 'universal'.
(v) At higher temperatures, green plants start evolving ${CO}_2$ instead of $O_2$.

Q. Mention the important features of the Neanderthal man.

Q. Give one main application of each of the following:
(i) MRI
(ii) Ultrasound
(iii) ECG

Q. Explain the effect of light and temperature on photosynthesis.

Q. What complications will arise if the blood of an Rh positive person is transferred to an Rh negative person and vice versa?

Q. Describe the ultra-structure of chloroplast.

Q. Typhoid is classified as a

1. Viral disease.
2. Genetic disorder.
3. Protozoan disease.
4. Bacterial disease.

Q. Explain the process of spermatogenesis in humans.

Q. Expand the following.
(i) SCID
(ii) ZIFT

Q. Bt cotton is resistance to

1. Insects
2. Salt
3. Herbicides
4. Drought

Q. Give three anatomical differences between a monocot root and a dicot root.

Q. Describe the Miller and Urey experiment on the origin of life.

Q. Define the following:
(i) Frame shift mutations
(ii) Genetic drift

Q. State three functions of the placenta.

Q. State the following:
(i) Hardy Weinberg's principle
(ii) Theory of recapitulation

Q. Describe the experiment performed by Griffith. What conclusions did the infer from his observations?

Q. Write short notes on:
(i) Multiple Alleles
(ii) Artificial measures to control population

Q. What is artificial insemination? Mentions two ways in which it is useful in the breeding of diary animals.

Q. State the best known contribution of:
(i) Alec Jeffery
(ii) P.K. Sethi
(iii) Hugo de Vries

Q. Why are xylem and phloem classified as complex tissues? Describe the structure of phloem.

Q. Roots and shoots lengthen through the activity of

1. Apical meristem
2. Vascular Cambium
3. Cork Cambium
4. Lateral meristem

Q. How did Hershey and Chase prove that DNA is the genetic material?

Q. Mention one significant difference between each of the following:
(i) Parenchyma and Sclerenchyma.
(ii) Epistasis and dominance.
(iii) Hormones of ovulatory phase and hormones of luteal phase.
(iv) Symplastic movement and apoplastic movement.
(v) Phenotype and Genotype.