Q. Write the following reactions:
(i) Williamson's synthesis
(ii) Mendius reaction
(iii) Friedel Craft's Alkylation
(iv) Haloform reaction
(v) Gattermann reaction
(vi) Carbylamine reaction

Q. (i) Write Hell - Volhard - Zelinsky reaction.
(ii) Write cross - aldol condensation.
(iii) Ethanoic acid is weaker acid than benzoic acid. Why?

Q. (i) Scandium (z = 21) is a transition element but zink (z = 30) is not. Explain.
(ii) Calculate the equivalent weight of $KMn{O}_4$in acidic medium.
(iii) What do you mean by Lanthanoid contraction ?

Q. Determine the type of cubic lattice to which the crystal of element indicated here belongs. It has an edge length of 290 pm and a density 7.80 g cm. The Atomic mass of element= 56 amu.

Q. (i) The hydrogen atom of chloroform is acidic. Explain.
(ii) Why is dehydrohalogenation reaction in haloalkanes termed as Beta - elimination reaction?

Q. (i) Why phenol has a higher boiling point than toluene?
(ii) Why alcohols are easily protonated but phenol is not protonated?

Q. What are food preservatives ?

Q. What is an electrochemical theory of rusting of irons and give two methods of preventing of rusting of iron?
Write the Nernst equation and calculate the emf of following cell at 298 K :
$Ni|N{i}^{2+}$(0.01)|| $C{u}^{2+}|Cu\left(0.01M\right)$
Given $E^{\circ }$($C{u}^{2+}$ / Cu) = + 0.34V, $E^{\circ }$($N{I}^{2+}$ / Ni) = -0.22V

Q. The first order reaction is 20% complete in 20 minutes. Calculate the time it will take the reaction to complete 80%.

Q. Write down all isomers of $C_4{H}_{9}OH$.

Q. What are disaccharides ?

Q. (i) Write down any three difference between Lanthanoid and Actinoid ?
(ii) The melting and boiling points of Zy. Cd and Hg are low. Why ?
(iii) Draw the structure of manganate ion.

Q. Define the order of reaction.

Q. The radius of $N{a}^6$ ion is 95 pm and that of Cl ions is 181'pm. Predict whether the Co-ordination number of $N{a}^4$ ion is 6 or 4.

Q. (i) Why $H_{3}P{O}_3$ diprotic in nature ? Draw the structure.
(ii) Why $H_2$S less acidic than $H_2$ Te ?
(iii) Give hybridization and draw the structure of $Xe{F}_6$.

Q. Write down the reaction involved in preparation of Potassium dichromate from chromine ore.

Q. (i) Prove that osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
(ii) Calculate the molar concentration of urea solution if it exerts an osmotic pressure of 2.45 atmosphere at 300K. [R= 0.0821 l. atm. $mo{l}^1$ $K^{-1}$]

Q. What are antacids?

Q. Complete the following reaction.

Q. Write down any two difference between nucleoside and nucleotide.

Q. Write down the carbylamine reaction.

Q. Write the difference between terylene fibers and Buna-s rubber (clastomers).

Q. (i) Why are interhalogen compounds more reactive than halogens ?
(ii) All the five bonds in $PC{l}_5$ are not equivalent. Justify.

Q. Define Tyndall effect. Differentiate between electrophoresis and electroosmosis.

Q. What is gravity separation method for a concentration of ore ?

Q. Write a chemical test to distinguish between formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.

Q. (i) How is nitric acid manufactured by Ostwald process ?
(ii) Write down the reaction of Ozone with black lead sulphide.
(iii) Draw a structure of $1F_7$.

Q. Under which condition the van't Hoff factor is greater than one ?

Q. Express linkage isomerism in $\left[Co\right(N{H}_3{)}_{5}N{O}_2]C{l}_2$.