Rate of respiration is directly affected by

C O_{2}

concentration

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O_{2}

in trachea

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Concentration of

O_{2}

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Diaphragm expansion

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Solution

The correct option is A $C O_{2}$ concentration
Chemoreceptors that affect breathing rate are into two categories: central chemoreceptors: are located on the ventrolateral surface of medulla oblongata and detect changes in pH of cerebrospinal fluid. They respond to hypercapnic hypoxia - elevated $C O_{2}$ , decreased $O_{2}$ . Peripheral chemoreceptors: the aortic body detects changes in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide, but not pH, while the carotid body detects all three. Their effect on breathing rate is less than that of the central chemoreceptors.

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(d) tracheal tubes exchange $O_{2} / C O_{2}$ directly with the haemocoel which then exchange with tissues

The respiratory centre in the brain is stimulated by $C O_{2}$

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