Reaction of a fat or oil with alkali is called:

Esterification

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Saponification

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Etherification

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Epoxidation

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Solution

The correct option is B Saponification
The alkaline hydrolysis of oils and fats is called saponification. In the process, animal or vegetable fat is converted into soap (a fatty acid) and alcohol.

The reaction requires a solution of an alkali (e.g. sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) in water and heat.

$C H_{3} C O O C_{2} H_{5} + N a O H \to C_{2} H_{5} O H + C H_{3} C O O N a$

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