Reaction(s) involved in thermite process can be

3 M n_{3} O_{4} + 8 A l \to 9 M n + 4 A l_{2} O_{3}

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C r_{2} O_{3} + 2 A l \to A l_{2} O_{3} + 2 C r

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2 F e + A l_{2} O_{3} \to 2 A l + F e_{2} O_{3}

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3 T i O_{2} (s)

+ 4 A l (s)

\to

2 A l_{2} O_{3}

(s)

+ 3 T i (l)

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Solution

The correct option is D $3 T i O_{2} (s)$ $+ 4 A l (s)$ $\to$ $2 A l_{2} O_{3}$ $(s)$ $+ 3 T i (l)$
Goldschmidt thermite process: It involves a highly exothermic reaction involving a fuel (like powdered aluminium) and a metal oxide. At high temperatures, aluminium reduces these metal oxides to the corresponding metals:

$3 T i O_{2} (s)$ $+ 4 A l (s)$ $\to$ $2 A l_{2} O_{3}$ $(s)$ $+ 3 T i (l)$

$C r_{2} O_{3}$ $(s) + 2 A l (s)$ $\to$ $A l_{2} O_{3}$ $(s) + 2 C r (l)$

$3 M n_{3} O_{4} + 8 A l \to 9 M n + 4 A l_{2} O_{3}$

Do note that the reduced metal is in the fused form.

When $F e_{2} O_{3}$ is used, this process is also known as thermite welding (used to join railway tracks). But this is not the preferred method for extraction of Iron commercially.
$2 F e + A l_{2} O_{3} \to 2 A l + F e_{2} O_{3}$

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