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Question
Read the following statements (A - D) related to catalytic converters and select the correct option stating true (T) or false (F).
A. Catalysts found in catalytic converters are expensive metals.
B. Two types of catalysts found in catalytic converters are platinum-palladium and platinum – rhodium.
C. Toxic byproducts undergo ionization reactions to convert into non hazardous substances.
D. Non hazardous carbon monoxide, nitrogen gas and water is released from the vehicle.
Read the following statements (A - D) related to catalytic converters and select the correct option stating true (T) or false (F).
A. Catalysts found in catalytic converters are expensive metals.
B. Two types of catalysts found in catalytic converters are platinum-palladium and platinum – rhodium.
C. Toxic byproducts undergo ionization reactions to convert into non hazardous substances.
D. Non hazardous carbon monoxide, nitrogen gas and water is released from the vehicle.
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Solution
The correct option is A A - T, B - T, C - F and D - F
Air pollution refers to any undesirable changes in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air. Air pollutants are airborne substances (solids, liquids, or gases) that occur in concentrations high enough to harm vegetation, structures, or to toxify the environment.
Vehicular emissions are major sources of air pollutants. Incomplete combustion of fuels such as petrol or diesel results in the formation of pollutants such as unburnt carbon particles, carbon monoxide, aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthracene), nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, etc.
A catalytic converter is a device that converts toxic byproducts into less hazardous substances. They have expensive metals such as platinum, palladium and rhodium as the catalysts. These are inert metals and have high resistance to oxidation, even at high temperatures. Hence statement A is true.
Figure : Catalytic converter
Two types of catalysts found in catalytic converters are platinum - palladium and platinum – rhodium. These catalysts help in oxidizing and reducing the toxic byproducts (redox reactions) into non hazardous substances. Redox reaction is a reaction in which one reactant undergoes oxidation whereas the other gets reduced during the course of reaction. Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons. Hence statement B is true and statement C is false.
The redox reaction causes unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhausts to get converted into carbon dioxide and water, carbon monoxide to get converted to carbon dioxide and nitric oxide to get converted into nitrogen gas. Clean exhaust having non hazardous carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas and water is released from the vehicle. Hence statement D is false.
Figure : Reactions in catalytic converter
Vehicles that are equipped with catalytic converters are required to use unleaded petrol because lead in the petrol causes inactivation of the catalyst.
Air pollution refers to any undesirable changes in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air. Air pollutants are airborne substances (solids, liquids, or gases) that occur in concentrations high enough to harm vegetation, structures, or to toxify the environment.
Vehicular emissions are major sources of air pollutants. Incomplete combustion of fuels such as petrol or diesel results in the formation of pollutants such as unburnt carbon particles, carbon monoxide, aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthracene), nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, etc.
A catalytic converter is a device that converts toxic byproducts into less hazardous substances. They have expensive metals such as platinum, palladium and rhodium as the catalysts. These are inert metals and have high resistance to oxidation, even at high temperatures. Hence statement A is true.
Figure : Catalytic converterTwo types of catalysts found in catalytic converters are platinum - palladium and platinum – rhodium. These catalysts help in oxidizing and reducing the toxic byproducts (redox reactions) into non hazardous substances. Redox reaction is a reaction in which one reactant undergoes oxidation whereas the other gets reduced during the course of reaction. Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons. Hence statement B is true and statement C is false.
The redox reaction causes unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhausts to get converted into carbon dioxide and water, carbon monoxide to get converted to carbon dioxide and nitric oxide to get converted into nitrogen gas. Clean exhaust having non hazardous carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas and water is released from the vehicle. Hence statement D is false.
Figure : Reactions in catalytic converterVehicles that are equipped with catalytic converters are required to use unleaded petrol because lead in the petrol causes inactivation of the catalyst.
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