Question

Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statement.

a. Embryo development precedes endosperm development.
b. Though the seeds differ greatly the early stages of embryo development (embryogeny) are similar in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
c. A typical dicotyledonous embryo consists of an embryonal axis and two cotyledons.
d. Endosperm may either be completely consumed by the developing embryo (e.g., castor and coconut) before seed maturation or it may persist in the mature seed (e.g., wheat, rice, maize, pea, groundnut and beans).
e. The coconut water from tender coconut is cellular endosperm and the surrounding while kernel is the nuclear endosperm.

• A. a,b and c
• B. c, d, and e
• C. b, c and d
• D. a, d, and e

Answer 1

The correct option is D a, d, and e

Endosperm development
Endosperm develops before the embryo. This is to ensure that the food requirements of the developing embryos are satisfied.
Hence, the given statement in option a is incorrect.

Endosperm in different plants
Developing embryos can consume the endosperm completely before the maturation of the seed, as is seen in groundnuts, beans and peas. In some mature seeds, the endosperm persists, as is seen in coconuts, castor etc.
Hence, the given statement in option d is incorrect.

Coconut endosperm
Tender coconut water is composed of multiple nuclei and is a free nuclear endosperm, while the outer white kernel is composed of a cellular endosperm.
Hence, the given statement in option e is incorrect.

Final answer
d. a, d, and e.