The correct option is D It leads to an increased formation of polar ice caps
Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth's climate system due to an increase in the level of greenhouse gases.
The atmospheric gases which are permeable to shortwave radiations (visible spectrum), but are strong absorbers of longwave radiations (infrared) are called greenhouse gases.
These greenhouse gases trap the sun's heat and stop it from leaking back into space. Examples of greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide and methane.
This heat trapping phenomenon is called greenhouse effect which is a natural phenomenon to maintain the temperature of earth to sustain life.
Without the greenhouse effect, the average temperature at the surface of Earth would have been chilly -18 degree Celsius
rather than the present average of 15 degree Celsius.
However, the concentration of greenhouse gases is drastically increasing these days due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. This is leading to heating of earth (global warming).
Hence option a and b are correct.
Due to global warming the average temperature of the Earth has increased by 0.6°C. The moisture carrying capacity of the atmosphere is also expected to increase due to warming of the atmosphere. This would cause a wide spread change in the precipitation patterns due to changed patterns of air-mass movements.
Global warming has created a drastic effect on Earth resulting in odd climate changes such as droughts, floods, forest fires, cyclones, etc. These have in turn affected yield of crops and plant and animal life are also threatened.
Hence option c is correct.
Rise in temperature leads to increased melting of polar ice caps. Over many years, this will result in a rise in sea level that can submerge many coastal areas.
Hence option d is incorrect.