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Question
Read the following statements related to evolution and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Miller and Urey experimentally proved the hypothesis of Oparin and Haldane.
Statement 2 : Early Earth conditions consisted of high temperature, volcanic eruptions and oxidising atmosphere with methane, ammonia, hydrogen and many other gases.
Read the following statements related to evolution and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Miller and Urey experimentally proved the hypothesis of Oparin and Haldane.
Statement 2 : Early Earth conditions consisted of high temperature, volcanic eruptions and oxidising atmosphere with methane, ammonia, hydrogen and many other gases.
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Solution
The correct option is B Statement 1 is correct while statement 2 is incorrect
Oparin and Haldane proposed the modern theory of origin of life. They proposed that in the oxygen-free atmosphere (reducing) of early Earth, combinations of inorganic compounds produced organic molecules which leads to the formation of first life form.
In 1953 Miller and Urey performed an experiment and proved the modern theory origin of life.
Figure : Miller and Urey's experimental setup
With the help of a glass apparatus, they created early Earth conditions. Miller took a mixture of water vapour, methane, ammonia and hydrogen gas in a spark chamber. He inserted two electrodes to provide discharge to maintain the temperature above 800°C. The spark chamber was connected to another flask with arrangement for boiling water. The other end of the spark chamber was connected to a trap by a tube that passed through a condenser. The trap was connected with the flask, for boiling water.
In this experimental setup, boiling water represented the ocean, gas chamber represented the early atmosphere with methane, ammonia, and hydrogen (were present in 2:2:1 ratio), and electric spark represented the volcanic eruptions, thunderstorm and lightning.
They run this experiment continuously for seven days. In this time period the colour of boiling water changed to brown-black. After analysis of the sample, they confirmed the presence of simple amino acids (alanine, glycine and aspartic acid), aldehydes and other substances (such as urea, hydrogen cyanide, lactic acid and acetic acid) in the water sample.
Based on the evidence provided by the above experiment, it is concluded that the early Earth conditions were high temperature, volcanic eruptions, reducing atmosphere containing methane, ammonia, hydrogen along with many other gases. Thus statement 1 is correct while statement 2 is incorrect.
Oparin and Haldane proposed the modern theory of origin of life. They proposed that in the oxygen-free atmosphere (reducing) of early Earth, combinations of inorganic compounds produced organic molecules which leads to the formation of first life form.
In 1953 Miller and Urey performed an experiment and proved the modern theory origin of life.
Figure : Miller and Urey's experimental setupWith the help of a glass apparatus, they created early Earth conditions. Miller took a mixture of water vapour, methane, ammonia and hydrogen gas in a spark chamber. He inserted two electrodes to provide discharge to maintain the temperature above 800°C. The spark chamber was connected to another flask with arrangement for boiling water. The other end of the spark chamber was connected to a trap by a tube that passed through a condenser. The trap was connected with the flask, for boiling water.
In this experimental setup, boiling water represented the ocean, gas chamber represented the early atmosphere with methane, ammonia, and hydrogen (were present in 2:2:1 ratio), and electric spark represented the volcanic eruptions, thunderstorm and lightning.
They run this experiment continuously for seven days. In this time period the colour of boiling water changed to brown-black. After analysis of the sample, they confirmed the presence of simple amino acids (alanine, glycine and aspartic acid), aldehydes and other substances (such as urea, hydrogen cyanide, lactic acid and acetic acid) in the water sample.
Based on the evidence provided by the above experiment, it is concluded that the early Earth conditions were high temperature, volcanic eruptions, reducing atmosphere containing methane, ammonia, hydrogen along with many other gases. Thus statement 1 is correct while statement 2 is incorrect.
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