Question

Reduced insulin production results in

• A. diabetes mellitus
• B. diabetes insipidus
• C. Graves' disease
• D. Cushing syndrome

Answer 1

The correct option is A diabetes mellitus

Reduced insulin production results in diabetes mellitus. One of the situations it occurs is when insulin-producing cells of the pancreas are damaged and stop producing insulin. When blood glucose (sugar) level increases beyond normal, insulin is released by the pancreas. It acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and enhances the cellular uptake of glucose. In case of insulin deficiency, there will be an increased amount of glucose in the blood and not enough glucose in the cells for energy.

Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin. It causes a loss of large quantities water from the body.

Graves' disease results in the overproduction of the thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) leading to weight loss, heat sensitivity, tremors, and anxiety.

Cushing syndrome occurs when there is an increased secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland. It leads to weight gain, high blood pressure, etc.