Question

Refer the given figure and select the correct statement regarding the given hormones.

(i) Hormone A helps a mother to feed her baby as it induces production of milk.
(ii) Hormone B helps to regulate amount of glucose in blood so that body can get energy.

• A. Gland $Z$ secretes hormone B.
• B. Hormone B can either be insulin or glucagon and is secreted by gland $Y$.
• C. A is growth hormone (GH) and is secreted by gland $X$.
• D. Gland $Y$ secretes both the hormones A and B.

Answer 1

The correct option is B Hormone B can either be insulin or glucagon and is secreted by gland $Y$.

Glucose is stored in the body as glycogen. The liver is an important storage site for glycogen. Glycogen is mobilized and converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis when the blood glucose concentration is low. Glucose may also be produced from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol, by gluconeogenesis. It is gluconeogenesis that maintains blood glucose concentrations, for example during starvation and intense exercise.The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. The endocrine tissue is grouped together in the islets of Langerhans and consists of four different cell types each with its own function. Alpha cells produce glucagon. Beta cells produce proinsulin. Proinsulin is the inactive form of insulin that is converted to insulin in the circulation. Delta cells produce somatostatin. F or PP cells produce pancreatic polypeptide.Insulin and glucagon work synergistically to keep blood glucose concentrations normal.
Insulin: An elevated blood glucose concentration results in the secretion of insulin: glucose is transported into body cells. The uptake of glucose by liver, kidney and brain cells is by diffusion and does not require insulin.Glucagon: The effects of glucagon are opposite to those of insulin.
Prolactin: Hormones involved in breast development and breastfeeding. In order to produce milk, hormones are needed. The two main hormones are prolactin and oxytocin. Prolactin is produced by the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and released into the circulation.