Question

Replace the underlined clause with a phrase equivalent in meaning:
"People who live in glass houses should not throw stones." [Intermediate]

• A. living in glass houses
• B. who live in mud huts
• C. living in mud huts
• D. none of the above

Answer 1

The correct option is A living in glass houses

An adjective clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a verb, and it functions as an adjective that modifies a noun or a pronoun. Adjective clauses usually begin with relative pronouns such as who, whom, whose or a relative adverb like when, where and so on.
An adjective phrase is a group of words (lacking a subject and a verb) that performs the function of an adjective, i.e., it modifies a noun.
When an adjective clause is reduced to a phrase, the relative pronoun is removed, because it functions as the subject; and the verb is changed to a present participle (verb + ing) or left out. When the sentence is in passive voice, the verb is changed to past participle (verb + ed - generally).
Option A is correct as it is an adjective phrase. The relative pronoun 'who' is removed and the verb "live" is changed to the present participle "living".
Option B is incorrect because the words form a clause; also, it is different from the meaning in the underlined clause.
Option C is incorrect because it is an adjective phrase that is different in meaning from the original.
Option D is incorrect because the answer lies in A.