Resonance structures of propenal are given below. Which of these resonating structure is more stable? Give reason for your answer.
$C H_{2} = C H - C H = O I ⟷ \oplus C H_{2} - C H = C H - ⊝ O I I$

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Solution

Structure I of propenal is more stable because structure having more covalent bonds in a resonating structure, has more stability, hi structure IL the terminal carbon has only six electrons which makes it less stable.
$C H_{2} = C H — C H = O [S t r u c t u r e I] \leftrightarrow^{+} C H_{2} — C H = C H - O^{-} [S t r u c t u r e I I]$

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I . ⊖ C H_{2} - \oplus C H - C H = C H - O - C H_{3}

I I . ⊖ C H_{2} - C H = C H - \oplus C H - O - C H_{3}

I I I . C H_{2} = C H - ⊖ C H - \oplus C H - O - C H_{3}

I V . C H_{2} = C H - ⊖ C H - C H = \oplus O - C H_{3}

C H_{2} = C H - C H = C H - O - C H_{3}

C H_{2} = C H - C H = C H - \oplus N H_{3}

\oplus C H_{2} - C H = C H - ⊖ C H - \oplus N H_{3}

\oplus C H_{2} - C H = C H - C H = N H_{3}

C H_{2} = C H - ⊖ O

C H_{2} = C H - O H

C H_{2} = C H - + C H_{2} and C H_{2} = C H - C H_{2} - + C H_{2}

C H_{3} - N H - + C H_{2} and + C H_{2} - O H

C H_{3} - O - C H_{2} - + C H_{2} and C H_{2} - O - + C H_{2}

C H_{3} - + C H - C H_{2} C H_{2} C H_{3} and C H_{3} C H_{2} - + C H - C H_{2} C H_{3}

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