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Classification of Hydrocarbons

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Question

Rewrite the following choosing the correct word from each pair given in brackets:
The hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon to carbon _____ (double/triple) bond are called (alkenes/alkynes). They have the general formula $C_{n} H_{2 n}$ . These were previously called __ (olefins/paraffins). When this compound is treated with (bromine/lime) water, decolourisation occurs because it is (saturated/unsaturated).

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Solution

The hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon to carbon double bond are called alkenes. They have the general formula $C_{n} H_{2 n}$ These were previously called olefins. When this compound is treated with bromine water, decolourisation occurs because it is unsaturated.

This is known as alkene hydrocarbons Because $C = C$ is in the molecule. Presence of double bond makes it unstable.

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Q. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
(a) The form of carbon which is known as black lead is ...........
(b) The form of carbon which is used as a lubricant at high temperature is .........
(c) Compounds of carbon with hydrogen alone are called ..........
(d) C_nH_2n is the general formula of .......... hydrocarbons.
(e) Hydrocarbons having the general formula C_nH_2n−2 are called ..........
(f) Ethene and ethyne are examples of ..... hydrocarbons.
(g) Ethyne has ......... carbon-hydrogen single bonds.
(h) Carbon compounds have usually ... melting points and boiling points because they are ...... in nature.
(i) The property of carbon atoms to form long chains in compounds is called ...........
(j) The general formula C_nH_2n for cycloalkanes is the same as that of ...........
(k) The IUPAC name of ethylene is .........
(l) The IUPAC name of acetylene is ............

Q. (a) Draw the structural formula of a compound with two carbon atoms in each of the following cases:
(i) An alkane with a carbon to carbon single bond.
(ii) An alcohol containing two carbon atoms.
(iii) An unsaturated hydrocarbon with a carbon to carbon triple bond.

(b) Ethane, Ethene, Ethanoic acid, Ethyne, Ethanol
From the compounds given above, name:
(i) The compound with —OH as a part of its structure.
(ii) The compound with —COOH as a part of its structure.
(iii) Homologue of Homologous series with general formula C_nH_2n.

Q. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words :
(a) The form of carbon which is known as black lead is ___
(b) The form of carbon which is used as a lubricant at high temperature is ___
(c) Compounds of carbon with hydrogen alone are called ___
(d)

C_{n} H_{2 n}

is the general formula of ___ hydrocarbons.
(e) Hydrocarbons having the general formula

C_{n} H_{2 n - 2}

are called ___
(f) Ethene and ethyne are examples of ___ hydrocarbons.
(g) Ethyne has ___ carbon-hydrogen single bonds.
(h) Carbon compounds have usually ___ melting points and boiling points because they are ___ in nature.
(i) The property of carbon atoms to form long chains in compounds is called ___
(j) The general formula

C_{n} H_{2 n}

for cycloalkanes is the same as that of ___
(k) The IUPAC name of ethylene is ___
(l) The IUPAC name of acetylene is ___

Q. Fill in the blanks by choosing words from the given list of words:
addition, carbohydrates, C_nH_2n−2, C_nH_2n_{+ 2}, electrochemical, homologous, hydrocarbons, saturated, substitution, unsaturated.
The alkanes form a ....... series with the general formula .......... The alkanes are .........., which generally undergo ........... reactions.

I

. The formulas of ethane, ethyne and ethene are

C_{2} H_{6}, C_{2} H_{4}

C_{2} H_{2}

I I

. Alkanes contain only

C - C

C - H

bonds, alkenes may contain triple bonds between carbon atoms and alkynes may contain double bonds between carbon atoms.

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