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Ribosomes are...

Question

Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, but they are present in mitochondria and plastids, the sites of respiration and photosynthesis. What is the role of ribosomes in these cell organelles?

A

Ribosomes transport ATP formed in respiration and photosynthesis to cytoplasm through endoplasmic reticulum

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B

Sub units of some required proteins are synthesized in these organelles

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C

Ribosomes transport RNA and DNA to cytoplasm

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D

All the above are correct

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Solution

The correct option is D Sub units of some required proteins are synthesized in these organelles
Ribosomes provide the site where synthesis of polypeptides by polymerization of amino acids takes place using the mRNA triplets as template. Since, mitochondria and plastids are semi autonomous organelles, they carry single stranded DNA molecule and synthesize some of their RNAs and proteins by themselves. Ribosomes present in these organelles serve as site for protein synthesis only .
Ribosomes do not serve in ATP transport.
DNA is presence either in nucleus or in semiautonomous organelles (mitochondria and plastids) it is never transported to cytoplasm.
So, the correct answer is option B.

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Read the passage and answer the following question.

Ribosomes are the smallest cell organelles which can be seen only through an electron microscope. They are found in both prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes are dense, round bodies which occur freely in the cytoplasm and may remain attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Chemically, ribosomes are made up of ribonucleoprotein (in eukaryotic cells, the constituent of the ribosome is 40% protein and 60% ribosomal RNA). Ribosomes help in the process of protein synthesis. They are, therefore, called as the protein factories of the cell.

Ribosomes are found in

Q. Select the correct statements.
(a) Endomembrane system includes plasma membrane, ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes and vacuoles.
(b) ER helps in transport of substances, synthesis of proteins, lipoproteins and glycogen.
(c) Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.
(d) Mitochondria help in oxidative phosphorylation and generation of ATP.

Q. Complete the following paragraph.
With the help of RNA, the _______________ present in the form of DNA participate in the functioning of cell. Information about _____________ synthesis is stored in the DNA and synthesis of appropriate ___________ as per requirement is necessary for body. These proteins are synthesized by DNA through RNA. This is called as ______________.

Q. Study the following statements regarding mitochondria and select the correct ones.

(i) These are the sites of aerobic respiration.
(ii) Matrix contains single, circular dsDNA molecule, a few RNA molecules,

70 S

ribosomes.
(iii) Mitochondria divide by fission.
(iv) Mitochondria are fully-autonomous.

Q. Read the given statements A & B and choose the correct option.
A. The ribosomes of the chloroplasts are smaller than the cytoplasmic ribosomes.
B. Chloroplasts can synthesise some of their proteins but they receive other proteins from cytoplasm.

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