Ritu, Shweta and Urvashi want to find out who among them has the largest lung capacity. They decide to blow air into a balloon in one breath and see how big it becomes. Which of the following factors must they keep same to make the test a fair one?
(i) Colour of the balloon
(ii) Size and shape of the balloon
(iii) Whether to breathe in before blowing
(iv) Material of the balloon

(i) and (ii)

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(ii) and (iii)

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(i), (iii) and (iv)

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(ii), (iii) and (iv).

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Solution

The correct option is D (ii), (iii) and (iv).
Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. Blowing a balloon in one attempt actually tests the VC of the person. When comparing the VC between 3 persons, the basic parameters of the balloon must remain the same. That is the material of the balloon, size and shape of the balloon should be same for 3 persons. Also they should breathe out fully, then take in deep breath and then expel out air forcefully through mouth into the balloon.

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