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Optical Activity

S1: Geometric...

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S1: Geometrical isomerism along double bond in cycloalkenes is possible with at least eight atoms in the ring.
S2: Tartaric acid $H O O C - C | H O H - C | H O H - C O O H$ can have two meso forms which are mirror images and enantiomers of each other.
S3 : Organic molecules having only one chiral carbon atom are always optically active.
S4 : Enantiomer have same physical properties so they can not be seprated by fractional distallation.
Find the correct option of following statement.

A

TTTT

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B

TTFF

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C

TFTT

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D

TFTF

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Solution

The correct option is C TFTT
The meso form is optically inactive. The enantiomers are optically active. Hence, two meso forms cannot be enantiomers of each other.

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Q. Meso-tartaric acid

H O O C - C H (O H) - C H (O H) - C O O H

is optically inactive due to:

A schematic analysis of the reaction of one enantiomer with racemic mixture is shown below

\begin{matrix} d & + & d a n d l & \to & (d) - (d) T h e (+) f o r m o f & A r a c e m i c m i x t u r e o f & + c h i r a l m o l e c u l e s & o t h e r m o l e c u l e s w i t h & (d) - (l) 50 % (d) a n d 50 % (l) \end{matrix}

The products (d-d) and (d-l) are clearly neither identical nor enantiomers (non-superimposable mirror images) as the mirror image of (d-d) is (l-l) not (d-l). They are diastereomers, 'stereoisomers that are not mirror images'.

The formation of diastereomers allows the separation of enantiomers (called resolution) which is not easy as enantiomers have identical physical properties. One general procedure for separating enantiomers is to allow them to react with naturally occurring chiral molecule to form a pair of diastereomers. These can be separated easily as they have different physical properties. if the original chemical reaction can be reversed, the enantiomers can be isolated.

Which of the following is an example of diastereomers?

Q. For a molecule given, select the correct statement(s).

C H_{3} - C H = C = C H - C H = C = C = C H - C H = C = C H - C H_{3}

Q. An organic compound having a carbon attached to four different groups is optically active. But, is the opposite also true? That is, do all optically active organic compounds have chiral carbons? Not necessarily. Presence or absence of chiral center is not the sufficient criterion for optical activity. The ultimate criterion is presence or absence of either plane or center of symmetry. Two compounds which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are called enantiomers. If a compound contains more than one chiral carbon, new words are required to describe the relationship between various stereoisomers of the compounds. Those words are diastereomers and mesomers.
Optically active compounds among the following is/are
(A)

C H_{3} - C H = C = C H_{2}

C H_{3} - C H = C = C H - C H_{3}

Pure enantiomeric acid + optically active alcohol having chiral C atom $\to$ ?

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