Salicylic acid does not obtained by the reaction of phenol and ${C O}_{2}$ directly?

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Solution

As we can see from the mechanism that both $O H^{-}$ and $N a^{+}$ from $N a O H$ are essential for the formation of Salicylic acid. $O H^{-}$ abstracts the phenolic proton from $P h - O H$ and $N a^{+}$ helps in coordinating $C O_{2}$ to the ortho-position via a six-membered transition state.

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