Question

Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/deficiency symptom.

• A. Endocrine gland - Anterior pituitary
  Hormone - Oxytocin
  Function/deficiency symptoms - Stimulates a vigorous contraction of the uterus at the time of childbirth
• B. Endocrine gland - Posterior pituitary
  Hormone - Growth hormone
  Function/deficiency symptoms - Oversecretion causes dwarfism
• C. Endocrine gland - Thyroid gland
  Hormone - Thyroxine
  Function/deficiency symptoms - Lack of iodine in the diet results in goitre
• D. Endocrine gland - Pineal
  Hormone - ACTH
  Function/deficiency symptoms -
  High stress levels
  

Answer 1

The correct option is C Endocrine gland - Thyroid gland

Hormone - Thyroxine
Function/deficiency symptoms - Lack of iodine in the diet results in goitre
The thyroid gland synthesizes the hormone thyroxine. Iodine is essential for hormone synthesis in the thyroid. Deficiency of iodine in our diet results in hypothyroidism and an enlargement of the thyroid gland, commonly called goitre.

Oxytocin is synthesised by the hypothalamus but released by the posterior pituitary. It stimulates the contraction of muscles of the uterus at the time of childbirth.

Growth hormone (GH) is synthesised by the anterior pituitary. Over-secretion of GH stimulates an abnormal growth of the body leading to gigantism.

The pineal gland secretes melatonin. It regulates the diurnal cycle of the body.