Question

Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/deficiency symptom.

• A. Thyroid gland – Thyroxine – Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre
• B. Posterior pituitary – Growth hormone (GH) – Over secretion stimulates abnormal growth
• C. Corpus luteum – Testosterone – Stimulates spermatogenesis
• D. Anterior pituitary – Oxytocin – Stimulates uterus contraction during childbirth

Answer 1

The correct option is A

Thyroid gland – Thyroxine – Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre

The correct option is A.

Explanation of the correct option:

Option A:

1. Thyroid is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck below the pharynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe).
2. It synthesises the hormone thyroxine which is responsible for regulating body metabolism.
3. Iodine is an element used in the synthesis of the thyroxine hormone (T4).
4. Hence, lack of iodine can cause goitre.

Explanation of the incorrect options:

Option B:

1. Growth hormone is a hormone secreted for inducing the growth of bone length, muscle growth, and height.
2. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary located at the base of the brain.
3. Excessive production of GH can lead to abnormal growth and gigantism (excessive growth in adolescents leading to very tall).

Option C:

1. Corpus luteum is a cyst formed during the development of eggs in females every menstruation cycle.
2. It secretes the hormone progesterone and estrogen.
3. Progesterone helps in the thickening of the endometrium of the uterus upon fertilisation.

Option D:

1. Anterior pituitary does not secrete the hormone oxytocin.
2. The oxytocin hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary.
3. Oxytocin helps in the stimulation of uterine contractions in labor during childbirth and also helps to stimulate contractions of breast tissue to aid in lactation after childbirth.

Final answer: The correct pair is thyroid gland which secretes thyroxine hormone and lack of iodine in diet results in goitre.