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Question

Select the correct option with respect to coiling of the genetic material in eukaryotic cells.

A
Chromatin→ supercoil→ solenoid→ chromatid
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B
Chromatin→ solenoid→ supercoil→ chromatid
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C
Chromatid→ solenoid→ supercoil→ chromatin
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D
Chromatid→ supercoil→ solenoid→ chromatin
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Solution

The correct option is B Chromatin→ solenoid→ supercoil→ chromatid
DNA is the genetic material, eukaryotes store their DNA in the well enclosed body called the nucleus. Each human cell contains approximately 2 meters of DNA if stretched end-to-end; yet the nucleus of a human cell, which contains the DNA, is only about 6 μm in diameter. Hence, the diameter or the volume of the nucleus to enclose a long DNA thread is insufficient. So, in order to pack DNA properly inside the nucleus it is wrapped around histone proteins.

The 8 histone molecules 2x (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) called histone octamer, around which DNA wraps up, forms a nucleosome. Nucleosomes are stable due to the presence of hydrogen bonding and can be seen as beads on thread inside the nucleus when viewed under the electron microscope. These thread-like beaded structures are known as chromatin because they are seen as coloured bodies when stained with 10 nm diameter.

The chromatin further coils, finally forming a solenoid with a 30 nm structure. This is more condensed than the chromatin.

This condenses even further to form chromatin loops which are 300 nm in diameter, called the supercoil. The supercoil condenses further to form a chromatid that has a diameter of 700 nm.

Hence, the proper sequence is chromatin→ solenoid→ supercoil→ chromatid



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