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Question

Select the incorrect statement from the following :
(a) the frequency of certain genes in a population changes over several generations resulting in evolution.
(b) reduction in the weight of an organism due to starvation is genetically controlled
(c) low weight parents can have heavyweight progeny
(d) traits which are not inherited over generations do not cause evolution.

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Solution

(b) reduction in the weight of an organism due to starvation is genetically controlled
Reduction in the weight of an organism due to starvation occurs due to the scarcity of food in the environment. It is not genetically controlled.

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Q. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding evolution?
A. Evolution is the sudden and continuous change in the characteristics of an individual only
B. Every kind of change is not an evolution
C. Evolution is the cumulative changes in a population over generations
D. Natural selection resists evolution
E. Mutation is essential to evolution

The frequency of certain genes in a population changed in one generation. This is the essence of the idea of evolution.

Q. A student runs a simulation to examine allele frequencies in a population over 20 generations. In the initial trial, the student sets the population size to 200, and there is no natural or sexual selection, gene flow, or mutations. In this trial, there was not a significant change in the allele frequencies.
In the next trial, the student sets the population size to 50. All other parameters are the same as the first trial. In this trial, the student observes a significant change to the allele frequencies.
What is the cause of evolution in this population?

Reduction in weight of an organism due to nutrition is genetically controlled.

Q. Evolution i.e. changes in an organism to adjust to the environment, as suggested by Charles Darwin, is a very slow process that takes place over tens of thousands of generations, over millions of years. However, in bacteria, development of resistance to antibiotics, which is a type of evolution, takes place within our own lifetime. Can you say why it occurs so quickly in bacteria?

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