Question

Short / long answer type questions:
Name the causative agents, symptoms and cure for the following diseases
(i) Malaria (ii) Filaria (Elephantiasis) (iii) Amoebiasis, (iv) Ascariasis, (v) Pneumonia.

Answer 1

• Malaria is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus.
• Symptoms are chills, fever and sweating, usually occurring a few weeks after being bitten.
• Most drugs used in the treatment of malaria are active against the parasite forms in the blood and include the following: Chloroquine., Atovaquone, Artemether, Mefloquine. and Quinine.

• Elephantiasis causing agent is parasitic nematodes that inhabit the lymphatics and subcutaneous tissues.
• symptoms most commonly experience swelling of the: legs, arms, breasts. and genitals.
• Treatment for elephantiasis includes antiparasitic drugs, such as diethylcarbamazine (DEC), albendazole and using good hygiene to clean the affected areas.
• Amebiasis is an important cause of death from parasitic disease worldwide. The causative organism is Entamoeba histolytica, which has an infective cyst stage and a pathogenic and motile trophozoite stage.
• If symptoms occur, they may be mild and include cramping and diarrhoea. Bloody stools, fever and, rarely, a liver abscess may occur in severe cases.
• Gastrointestinal amebiasis is treated with nitroimidazole drugs, which kill amoebas in the blood, in the wall of the intestine and in liver abscesses.
• Ascariasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, which is a species of roundworm. Image result for symptoms of
• The signs and symptoms of the nematode infection by Ascaris lumbricoides may include the following: Abdominal discomfort., Abdominal cramping., Abdominal swelling (especially in children), Fever. and Coughing and/or wheezing.
• Anthelminthic medications (drugs that rid the body of parasitic worms), such as albendazole and mebendazole, are the drugs of choice for treatment of Ascaris infections.
• Community” microorganisms are the main causes of these cases of pneumonia (methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, and anaerobes.
• Symptoms include a cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills and difficulty breathing.
• Antibiotics can treat many forms of pneumonia. Some forms of pneumonia can be prevented by vaccines.