Question

Short / Long type answer type questions.
Write short notes on the following
(a)Cardiac output, (b) Arterial blood pressure, (c) Heart beat, (d) Pace-maker, (e) Double circulation

Answer 1

(a) Cardiac output - It is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle(or right ventricle) into the aorta (pulmonary trunk) per minute.

Cardiac output = Stroke volume(SV) $\times$ Heart rate (HR)

= 70ml $\times$ 75

= 5250 ml$/$min

(b) Arterial blood pressure - The pressure exerted by the flow of blood on the elastic wall of arteries is called blood pressure.

(c) Heartbeat - It may refer to the cardiac cycle of the heart.

(d) Pacemaker - It is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to contract the heart muscles and regulate the electrical conduction system of the heart.

(e) Double circulation - It is the type of circulation in which blood passes through the heart twice. In double circulation, the blood passes twice through the heart during one complete cycle. Double circulation is carried out in two ways, i.e., pulmonary circulation and systematic circulation.