Silver atom has completely filled $d$ -orbitals $(4 d^{10})$ in its ground state. How can you say that it is a transition element?

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Solution

$Transition elements$

Elements having a $d$ subshell that is partially filled with electrons, or an element that can form stable cations with an incompletely filled $d$ orbitals.

$Is silver a transition element?$

Silver atom (atomic no. $= 47$ ) has completely filled $d$ -orbitals in its ground state $(4 d^{10} 5 s^{1})$ .

However, in its $+ 2$ oxidation state, the electrons of $d$ -orbitals get removed. As a result, the $d$ -orbitals become incomplete $(d^{9})$ .
Hence, it is a transition element.

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C u, A g

A g

d -

Ag atom has completely filled d orbitals in its ground state then How Ag can be a transition element?

{1 s}^{2} {2 s}^{2} {2 p}^{6} {3 s}^{2} {3 p}^{6} {3 d}^{3} {4 s}^{2}

C d

C d

C d^{2 +}

Statement - I: $C d$ is a transition element.
Statement - II: $C d$ and $C d^{2 +}$ both have completely filled $d -$ orbitals in their ground state.

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