Silver atom has completely filled d orbitals $(4 d^{10})$ in its ground state. How can you say that it is a transition element?

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Solution

In the ground state, the silver atom has $4 d^{10}$ configuration which shows that it has completely filled d- orbitals.

But, in its most stable oxidation state +1; its configuration is $4 d^{9}$ in which there is partially filled d-orbital. So, it can be regarded as the transition element as per the definition of transition elements.

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C u, A g

A g

d -

{1 s}^{2} {2 s}^{2} {2 p}^{6} {3 s}^{2} {3 p}^{6} {3 d}^{3} {4 s}^{2}

C d

C d

C d^{2 +}

Statement - I: $C d$ is a transition element.
Statement - II: $C d$ and $C d^{2 +}$ both have completely filled $d -$ orbitals in their ground state.

On what ground can you say that scandium (Z = 21) is a transition element but zinc (Z = 30) is not?

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