In water, sodium chloride (NaCl), dissolves into positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chlorine ions (Cl-). Chemists call a solution of ions such as this an electrolyte. In a battery, one electrode, called the cathode, sheds electrons into the solution, leaving it with a positive charge. At the same time, the other electrode, the anode, collects electrons, giving it a negative charge. Ions in the electrolyte help facilitate this process. The charge imbalance between the two electrodes creates a electrical potential difference, or voltage. If you connect the terminals in a circuit, the electrons built up in the anode will flow through the circuit back to the cathode, creating an electrical current.
Silver can be used in place of aluminum to generate electricity.