Size of a nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom. Explain

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Solution

The size of the atom is about 10^-10m or 1 A⁰. Rutherford established the presence of a small nucleus in the atom in which all the mass of the atom is concentrated. According to him, the nucleus is very dense and hard and the electrons are at a distance from the nucleus and are constantly revolving around the nucleus in closed orbits.
During the alpha scattering experiment he observed that 1/10000 rays are deflected back showing that the space occupied by the nucleus is small. And one more observation he made is most of the rays undergoes without any deflection showing that the most of the spaces are empty in the nucleus.

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Q. After completing the gold foil experiment, Rutherford concluded that the size of the nucleus is very small compared to the size of the atom. This is because :

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Q. Following conclusions were drawn from the given figure :
I. There is a positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus.
II. An atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded in it.
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Question 2

Why does $H^{+}$ ion always get associated with other atom or molecules?

(a) Ionisation enthalpy of hydrogen resembles that of alkali metals.

(b) Its reactivity is similar to halogens

(d) Loss of an electron from hydrogen atom results in a nucleus of very small size as compare to other or ions. Due to small size it cannot exist free.

Explain the meaning of the below sentence.
"The step size is thus very small as compared to the charges usually found and in many cases, we can assume a continuous charge variation."

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