Question

Sketch and describe the essential parts of a simple A.C. generator. Discuss its working principle.

Answer 1

Principal of A.C. generator-

1. AC generators work on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
2. AC generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
3. The AC Generator’s input supply is mechanical energy supplied by steam turbines, gas turbines and combustion engines.
4. The output is an alternating electrical power in the form of alternating voltage and current.
5. When the armature rotates between the magnet’s poles upon an axis perpendicular to the magnetic field, the flux linkage of the armature changes continuously.
6. Due to this, an EMF is induced in the armature.
7. As a result, an electric current flows through the galvanometer and the slip rings and brushes.

Essential part of simple A.C. generator

1. Field- The field is made up of conductor coils that receive electricity from the source and generate magnetic flux. The armature is cut by the magnetic flux in the field, which produces a voltage. This voltage is the AC generator’s output voltage.
2. Armature- The portion of an AC generator that produces voltage is known as the armature. This component largely comprises of wire coils large enough to handle the generator’s full-load current.
3. Prime Mover- The prime mover is the component that drives the AC generator. A diesel engine, a steam turbine, or a motor might all be used as the prime mover.
4. Rotor- The rotor is the rotating component of the generator. The rotor is driven by the generator’s prime mover.
5. Stator- An AC generator’s stator is the stationary component. To reduce eddy current losses, the stator core is made up of a lamination of steel alloys or magnetic iron.
6. Slip Rings- Slip rings are electrical connectors that transport electricity from and to an AC generator’s rotor. They are primarily used to transfer electricity from a fixed device to a revolving one.