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Question

Solar constant is the amount of solar energy incident perpendicularly per unit time on unit surface area of the earth at an average distance between the Sun and the earth. Its value in S0=1340w/m2. Here calculate temperature of the Sun's surface.
Radius of the Sun Rs=7×108m
Average distance between the earth and the Sun R0=1.5×1011m
σ=5.67×108Wm2K4

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Solution

Solar constant is: So=1340 Wm2
Hence, total power radiated by sun is: P=So×4πd2 where d is distance between the sun and the earth.
Using stefan's law,
P=σAT4
T=(4Soπd24σπr2)1/4
=5776 K

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