On the pH scale, bases (or alkalis) have a pH value greater than 7, while acids have a pH value less than 7. Neutral solutions have a pH value equal to 7. According to the given data, solution P with pH value 13 is a strong base, solution Q with pH value 6 is a weak acid and solution R with pH value 2 is a strong acid.
(a) Solution P, being a strong base, liberates ammonia from ammonium sulphate on heating.
(b) Solution R with pH value 2 is a strong acid.
(c) Solution Q, being a weak acid, ionises partially and contains molecules as well as ions.