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Q. Find whether the relation R' on the set R of all real numbers defined as R' = {(a, b): a, b R and a - b + 3 S}, where S is the set of all irrational numbers, is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

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Solution

Let R be the se of real numbers.REFLEXIVITY :Let xR. Thenx - x + 3 = 3, which is an irrational number.So, by the definition of relation R', x R' x xR.Hence, R' is reflexive.SYMMETRY :Let x = 3 and y = 0Now, 3 - 0 + 3 = 23, which is an irrational number.So, by the definition of relation R', x R' y.But y is not related to x becausey - x + 3 = 0 - 3 + 3 = 0, which is not an irrational number.Hence, R' is not Symmetric.TRANSITIVITY :Let x = 0; y = 2; z = 3, then0 - 2 + 3 = 3 - 2, which is an irrational number.So, x R' yNow, 2 - 3 + 3 = 2, which is an irrational number.So, y R' zNow, 0 - 3 + 3 = 0, which is not an irrational number.So, x is not related to z.Hence, R' is not transitive.So, R' is neither symmetric nor transitive.Hence, R' is not an equivalence relation on R.

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