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State Graham'...

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State Graham's law of diffusion.

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Solution

Graham's law of diffusion was formulated by Scottish physical chemist Thomas Graham in 1848. Graham found experimentally that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its molecular mass. This formula can be written as:
$\frac{R a t e_{1}}{R a t e_{2}} = \sqrt{\frac{M_{2}}{M_{1}}}$
Here, $R a t e_{1}$ is the rate of diffusion of the first gas (volume or number of moles per unit time).
$R a t e_{2}$ is the rate of diffusion of the second gas.
$M_{1}$ is the molar mass of gas 1.
$M_{2}$ is the molar mass of gas 2.

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Q. Graham's law states that at same pressure and temperature, rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to its molecular mass.

Q. From a certain apparatus, the diffusion rate of hydrogen has an average value of 28.7 cm

^{3}

^{- 1}

. The diffusion of another gas under the same conditions is measured to have an average rate of 7.2 cm

^{3}

^{- 1}

. Identify the gas.[Hint: Use Graham's law of diffusion :

R_{1} / R_{2} = (M_{2} / M 1)^{1 / 2}

R_{1}, R_{2}

are diffusion rates of gases 1 and 2, and

M_{1}

M_{2}

their respective molecular masses. The law is a simple consequence of kinetic theory.]

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