The Sedition Act 1870 allowed the British government in India to arrest or detain any Indian without a fair trial in the court who was seen protesting or criticizing the British government.
It was arbitrary because the government could detain anybody under this act on mere suspicion without having to show any reason. It violated the rule of law because an essential element of the rule of law is that every person has the right to a fair trial. This act denied that right.