State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. Write two characteristics of the solution which obeys Raoult’s law at all concentrations.

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Solution

The law states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure (p) of each component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction (x).
$p_{1} \propto x_{1}$

$p_{1} = p_{1}^{0} x_{1}$
where
$p_{1} = p a r t i a l v a p o u r p r e s s u r e o f c o m p o n e n t o n e$
$p_{1}^{0} = p r e s s u r e o f p u r e c o m p o n e n t o n e$
An ideal solution obeys Raoult's at all concentrations. The conditions that are obeyed are:
1. $△_{m i x} H = 0$
2. $△_{m i x} V = 0$

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