State the conditions under which the preparation of alumina from aluminium is carried out. Give the necessary equations which need not be balanced.

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Solution

The Bayer's process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide). Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30–60% aluminium oxide, (alumina), $A l_{2} O_{3}$ , the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide. The aluminium oxide must be purified before it can be refined to aluminium metal.
The neccessary equations involved are as follows:
$A l_{2} O_{3} (o r e) + N a O H a q u e o u s - ---- \to N a A l O_{2} + H_{2} O$
This process converts the aluminium oxide in the ore to soluble sodium aluminate.
$N a A l O_{2} C O_{2} - - \to A l (O H)_{3} + N a_{2} C O_{3}$
$A l (O H)_{3} Δ - \to A l_{2} O_{3} + H_{2} O$
Alumina

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