In 1944 by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty gave an experimental demonstration, that DNA is the substance that causes bacterial transformation, in an era when it had been widely believed that it was proteins that served the function of carrying genetic information, Avery and his colleagues suggest that DNA, rather than protein as widely believed at the time, maybe the hereditary material of bacteria, and could be analogous to genes and/or viruses in higher organisms.