State the effect of adding a small amount of a] sodium hydroxide b] ammonium hydroxide followed by an excess in each case to samples of each of the salt solutions: zinc nitrate, calcium nitrate and lead nitrate.

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Solution

Sodium Hydroxide
Small amount In excess
Calcium nitrate White precipitate Insoluble
Zinc nitrate White precipitate Soluble
Lead nitrate White precipitate Soluble

Ammonium Hydroxide
Small amount In excess
Calcium nitrate No visible reaction No change
Zinc nitrate White precipitate Soluble
Lead nitrate White precipitate Insoluble

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Q. State the effect of adding a small amount of: (a) sodium hydroxide (b) ammonium hydroxide followed by an excess in each case to samples of each of the salt solutions.
(i) calcium nitrate [small amount .......... in excess ..........].
(ii) zinc nitrate [small amount ........... in excess ............].
(iii) lead nitrate [small amount ........... in excess .........].

Q. Three test tubes contain calcium nitrate solution, zinc nitrate solution and lead nitrate solution respectively. Each solution is divided into two portions (i) and (ii). Describe the effect of
(i) adding sodium hydroxide solution to each portion in turn till it is in excess.
(ii) adding ammonium hydroxide to each portion in turn till it is in excess.

Copy and complete the following which summarizes the effect of adding a small amount of sodium hydroxide to salt solution followed by an excess of the reagent, and then adding ammonium hydroxide (ammonia solution) in a small amount followed by an excess to another sample of the salt solution.

Q. State your observation in each of the following cases:
When excess sodium hydroxide is added to calcium nitrate solution

Distinguish by adding : Sodium hydroxide solution and ammonium hydroxide solution to
(a) Calcium salt solution and lead salt solution.
(b) Lead salt solution and zinc salt solution.
(c) Copper salt solution and ferrous salt solution.
(d) Fe(II) salt solution and Fe(III) salt solution.
(e) Ferrous nitrate and lead nitrate

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	Small amount	In excess
Calcium nitrate	White precipitate	Insoluble
Zinc nitrate	White precipitate	Soluble
Lead nitrate	White precipitate	Soluble