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Structure and Physical Properties of Ethers

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Question

State the examples of monovalent, divalent, trivalent and tetravalent elements, compounds and ions.

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Solution

Monovalent element: hydrogen, chlorine, lithium, etc
Monovalent ion: ammonium, bicarbonate, nitrate etc
Divalent element: calcium, oxygen, sulphur etc
Divalent ion: sulphate ion, thiosulfate etc.
Trivalent element: aluminium, nitrogen, phosphorus etc
Trivalent ion: phosphate ion, hypophosphite etc.
Tetravalent element: carbon, silicon etc
Tetravalent ion: pyrophosphate
It should be noted that compounds are already stable and generally do not form chemical bonds. They, however, form coordination complexes and thus have a coordination number.

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Q. Classify the following into monovalent, divalent and trivalent ions.
a) Ammonium b) Oxide c) Nitride

Q. Give an example in each of the foll.
a) a divalent poly atominc anion
b) a trivalent monoatomic cation
c) a monovalent diatomic anion

Q. An element X is divalent and another element Y is tetravalent. The compound formed by these two elements will be:

Q. An element A is tetravalent and another element B is divalent. The formula of the compound formed from these elements will be:

Q. Consider the following ionisation reactions:
I.E.

(k J {m o l}^{- 1})

A_{(g)} \to A_{(g)}^{+} + e^{-}, A_{1}

B_{(g)}^{+} \to B_{(g)}^{2 +} + e^{-}, B_{2}

C_{(g)}^{+} \to C_{(g)}^{2 +} + e^{-}, C_{2}

B_{(g)} \to B_{(g)}^{+} + e^{-}, B_{1}

C_{(g)} \to C_{(g)}^{+} + e^{-}, C_{1}

C_{(g)}^{2 +} \to C_{(g)}^{3 +} + e^{-}, C_{3}

If monovalent positive ion of A, divalent positive ion of B and trivalent positive ion of C have zero electron. Then incorrect order of corresponding I.E. is :

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