Question

State the main features that categorizes a given pair of organs as homologous or analogous.

Answer 1

Homologous organs:

1. Structural form: These organs have the same basic structure.
2. Functional capability: Perform different functions.
3. Show divergent evolution.
4. e.g. - Bones in the human arms and bones in the front flipper of a whale have the same origin and different functions.

Analogous organs:

1. Structural form: Organs are different in their structure.
2. Functional capability: Perform similar functions.
3. Show convergent evolution.
4. e.g. - Wings of birds and butterflies have different origins and the same function.

Hence, the categorizations of homologous and analogous organs are based on basic structure, origin, and the function performed by them.