State the method of preparation of ethanol.

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Solution

A chemical reaction in which a water molecule breaks one or more chemical bonds is known as Hydrolysis.
Ethanol ( $C_{2} H_{5} O H$ ) is prepared by Hydrolysis of Ethene ( $C_{2} H_{4}$ ).
Ethyl hydrogen sulphate ( $C_{2} H_{5} H S O_{4}$ ) is produced when concentrated Sulphuric acid ( $H_{2} S O_{4}$ ) is added to Ethene ( $C_{2} H_{4}$ ) at a temperature of $80 ° C$ and a pressure of $30 a t m$ .
$\underset{E t h e n e}{C_{2} H_{4} (g)} + \underset{s u l p h u r i c a c i d}{H_{2} S O_{4} (a q)} \to_{30 a t m}^{80 ° C} \underset{E t h y l h y d r o g e n s u l p h a t e}{C_{2} H_{5} H S O_{4} (a q)}$
Hydrolysis of Ethyl hydrogen sulphate ( $C_{2} H_{5} H S O_{4}$ ) with boiling Water ( $H_{2} O$ ) yields Ethanol ( $C_{2} H_{5} O H$ ).
$\underset{E t h y l h y d r o g e n s u l p h a t e}{C_{2} H_{5} H S O_{4} (a q)} + \underset{w a t e r}{H_{2} O (l)} \to \underset{E t h a n o l}{C_{2} H_{5} O H (g)} + \underset{S u l p h u r i c a c i d}{H_{2} S O_{4} (a q)}$
Hence, the method of preparation of ethanol is hydrolysis of ethene.

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